Preston Sturges #5: "The Palm Beach Story" (1942)

Throughout the first four films in this series, we've seen Preston Sturges lean heavily on the various inconsistencies of big business, the movie industry and class differences, but never before has he dwelled on the paranoia, jealousy and outright hypocrisy of marriage as he does here in "The Palm Beach Story". 

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Like a sassier, edgier "The Awful Truth," the film takes a cheekily broken marriage at the on-set, sends the two partners to sample the alternatives, then finally (to no surprise) brings them back together. 

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As is commonplace amongst the many comedies of Preston Sturges, the dialogue is swift and sharp-witted and the sexual innuendo barefaced and painfully honest. Claudette Colbert plays Gerry, a frustrated but sympathetic wife to the struggling Tom (played by Joel McCrea) who insists a divorce is the only way to treat her penniless existence as she is courted by a rich tycoon in transit to Palm Beach. 

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In many ways, the film is a critique of class roles, not unlike "Christmas in July" in the way it examines the futility of monetary or professional success or "Sullivan's Travels"  in how the rich view the weak. 

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Sturges was familiar with the allure of aristocratic beauty, seeing as how one of his many ex-wives, Eleanor Hutton, was an heiress who ran in circles of high society herself, so far as to even be wooed by Prince Jerome Rospigliosi-Gioeni. (This can be clearly seen in the character played by Mary Astor, a silly rich playgirl and sister to John D. Hackensacker, Gerry's wealthy courter.)

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And indeed much of Sturges' work was based on fact or personal experience (which could perhaps explain why so much of it is downright clinical in its honesty), even the wacky train sequence, in which the Quail and Ale Club are unhitched from the remaining cabins en route, is based partly on first-hand experience.

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In the end, Sturges' suggested pessimism loses out again to an ironic ending, although this one manages to be frightfully silly. Still though, "The Palm Beach Story" serves as a frenzied segue into Sturges later works, which would examine small-town hypocrisy and yet again, the oncoming threats of infidelity. [B]

Preston Sturges #4: "Sullivan's Travels" (1942)

When looking at a film like “Sullivan’s Travels,” not just a daring satire of the movie industry but a window into the mind and thoughts of its creator, it’s impossible to know where to begin the discussion when it’s a work that operates on so many levels – a journey of self-discovery, a parody of class roles, an unlikely romance, etc.

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Having said that, I think it’s appropriate – unavoidable, really – to call “Sullivan’s Travels”, a film about a movie director who undergoes a career crisis, the most personal film in Sturges’ celebrated filmography.

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It’s natural to approach John L. Sullivan (Joel McCrea), the titular director who puts aside his rudderless existence as a maker of musical comedies to take on a life of hardship in an effort to research his new “commentary on modern conditions”, as Sturges himself. After all, this a man who makes a madcap farce out of conceivably every possible social dilemma.

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What’s so brilliant about “Sullivan’s Travels” is just how self-aware and slyly critical the film is not just towards the movie industry in general (in particular the ongoing debate between commercialism vs. art) but towards the way the upper class perceives their role towards the low and needy. As the character Burrows (played by Robert Greig) says, “the poor know all about poverty and only the morbid rich would find the topic glamorous.”

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So out of the studio and into the railyards goes John L. Sullivan to find the meaning of hardship, but only under the supervision of a trailer full of on-the-job babysitters. After a wacky attempt to escape, Sullivan soon loses his tail and picks up a companion, the glamorous but hard-luck actress, played by Veronica Lake.

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Such an odd pairing provides Sturges the opportunity not only to comment on the banality of Hollywood stereotypes, but to write one of the better lines in his career: “How does the girl fit into the picture?” a policeman asks. “There’s always a girl in the picture. What’s the matter? Don’t you go to the movies?”

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This exchange is traded at a Beverly Hills Police Station, one of the many times that Sullivan hilariously winds up back in Hollywood, as if unseen forces are warning him to drop the hobo routine for good. Eventually, fed up with sleeping on crowded floors, he does decide to head back to the comforts of his mansion, only to be bizarrely mistaken for dead after a botched robbery.

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It’s here, when Sullivan finds himself on a chain gang and unable to contact his Hollywood brethren, that Sturges turns the film on its ear, slowing things down so as to heighten the desperation of Sullivan’s homeward quest to restore sanity.

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In another movie, the last act might have been more of a drag, but Sturges’ sure-handed direction, including the beautiful church entrance scene set to “Go Down, Moses,” provides a smooth transition. It’s here where Sullivan, after witnessing a jumble of deadbeat prisoners and African-American churchgoers erupt in laughter at the sight of a cartoon, realizes that sometimes making people laugh isn’t a shameful role to play after all.

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And although this message of self-justification applies to both Sullivan and Sturges, and although it’s not something I wholeheartedly agree with, it’s a masterful stroke of ingenuity to see a filmmaker so willingly lay out all of his doubts and anxieties on the record and to do so with such verve and panache.

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Plus, I think Sturges is selling himself short – his films aren’t merely cartoons of physical comedy and broad laughs. In his case, a maker of films both socially relevant and breathlessly funny, he can have his cake and eat it too. [A-]

Preston Sturges #3: "The Lady Eve" (1941)

Preston Sturges takes a step away from his working-class social concerns and makes the transition into high society hypocrisy with his next three films, the first being one of the director’s most celebrated achievements: the furious, sexy and pungent screwball comedy, “The Lady Eve”.

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Granted an unusually generous budget and a decisive voice in casting, the film truly announced Sturges’ arrival into the Hollywood mainstream – glitzy gowns, glamorous stars, animated title sequences – and thus changed the face of comedy forever.

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Imbuing his titillating sense of irony and madcap dialogue, “The Lady Eve” also marked Sturges’ foray into daring sexuality, as Barbara Stanwyck, midriff exposed, runs her hands through the head of Henry Fonda, whispering softly into his ear as she does so. (Pretty soon, Claudette Colbert would be plopping down in the lap of Joel McCrea in “The Palm Beach Story”.)

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Of course, Stanwyck, playing the titular seductress, has no problem convincing the clumsy, book smart Fonda (nor the audience) of her intentions on a swanky ocean liner. Although, as soon as she surprises herself with her sympathies, he’s uncovered the trap – a money-grubbing scheme over a game of crooked cards. (Charles Coburn plays her father, a card sharp himself, who is just a piece in one of the most impressive comedic supporting casts ever assembled, including Sturges’ mainstay William Demarest, Eric Blore, Eugene Pallette and Melville Cooper.)

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But naturally, she’s not done with him yet, re-introducing herself in his home as the “Lady Eve Sidwich,” bent on taking care of some “finished business”. He instantly recognizes her, but his self-doubt (and “Eve’s” put-on, playful English accent) keeps him from fully committing to the idea.

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She follows through on her part of the con, convincing poor Pike (Fonda) into a marriage before pulling the rug out from under him on a train, casually rifling through her various flings with men in a wonderful little montage. (“Cecil?” he asks. “It’s pronounced Ce-cil,” she corrects, a clear reference, I believe, to Paramount’s own Cecil B. DeMille.)

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Of course, the obvious resemblance between “Eve” and plain old “Jean” back on the boat is Sturges’ last ingredient in this hectic, farcical stew of identity, mixed signals and the absurdity of love – he wouldn’t have it any other way. [B+]

Preston Sturges #2: "Christmas in July" (1940)

Beginning with a crackling opening scene between a young couple on a rooftop, it’s clear that “Christmas in July” is a Preston Sturges film. In fact, the way the two casually yet forcefully gnaw at each other’s every word (with the young man’s intellectual bullying taking center stage), you’d think this was “The Social Network”.

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He is Jimmy MacDonald (Dick Powell), a white-collar clerk suffering in the confines of his low-end job and she is Betty Casey (Ellen Drew), the girl just trying to keep up. After entering the Maxford Coffee slogan content, which pays $25,000 to the winner, Jimmy’s puzzling pun of an entry has him convinced he’s winning it.

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When an unintentionally elaborate prank gives him the grand prize money, Jimmy finds his ideas, once fallen on deaf ears, now brilliant pieces of copy. After just a few hours, he’s even given an office with his name on the door.

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Sturges is so comfortable with this kind of rapidly paced, big business satire (the executives of the various fictional coffee corporations are particularly dim-witted), but the real ingenuity comes with the director’s finely-tuned monologues on class structure, which bravely skirt the edge between cynicism and optimism in the climate of Depression era America.

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And that’s the difference between a Frank Capra film and Preston Sturges one. The former made some fine socially relevant entertainments – “Mr. Deeds Goes to Town,” “You Can’t Take it With You,” “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington” – but Capra’s view of big city corruption meets small town all-American spirit is naively idealistic. Sturges’ films, on the other hand, are far more wily and manic and suggestive in their skepticism.

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In “Christmas in July,” perhaps the ultimate Sturges film in terms of a retrospective culmination of everything that makes up the director’s filmography, he crafts a funny, droll yet contemplative farce about lower-class values and opportunity and he does so at a brisk 67 minutes, which includes his trademark touch of irony to close the show. [B+] 

Preston Sturges #1: "The Great McGinty" (1940)

Becoming increasingly fed-up with wallowing in the unpredictability of studio screenwriting, the then 42 year-old Preston Sturges sold the script for “The Great McGinty” for a mere $10 to Paramount so long as he was allowed to direct the film himself.

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The story of a rise-and-fall bum-turned-politician, “The Great McGinty” is far more social drama than satire, examining the ugliness of corrupt government officials through one man’s meteoric rise to the Governor’s chair (the title character, played by Brian Donlevy).

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Told in flashback from an undisclosed barroom over a few drinks, the film hardly glamorizes or preaches the virtues of standing up to dirty politics in the public domain a la Frank Capra’s wonderfully idealistic “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington” (1939). No, according to Sturges, doing so will only get you a kick in the teeth and a low-end job serving beers from one flame-out to another.

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“The Great McGinty” unfolds like an early 30’s Warner Bros. gangster film – grisly, succinct, cautionary – and it ends with our hero doomed not by his present day good intentions, but by his dirty past, consisting of beating up store owners late on their payments and fixing city elections.

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But Mr. Sturges brings rare warmth to McGinty’s transformation in the relationship between he and his wife Catherine (Muriel Angelus), who at first is merely just a political partner before slowly winning his heart. These scenes are touching, thoughtful character moments that bring heartache to the film’s conclusion, including a touching farewell phone call from husband to wife in the final reel.

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If there is one thing to say about "The Great McGinty" it's that Sturges' penchant for satirizing condemnable social inconsitencies, in this rare instance, feels slightly off-kilter. At times, the film plays like a tragic satire, sliding in-and-out rather uncomfortably between solemn misfortune and political lampooning.

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It wouldn’t take Sturges long to find his satirical groove (his films quickly grew more feverish and wily), but as it stands, “The Great McGinty” is a modest, heartfelt and cleverly topical debut that won Sturges his first screenplay Oscar at the 1941 ceremony, the first award ever handed out to the now segregated “Original Screenplay” category. [B-]
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Paramount Pictures; 83 mins.

Preston Sturges Introduction

Known for his string of sassy, delightful and sharp-witted social satires in the early-to-mid 1940’s, Preston Sturges was not only a daring writer of zingy dialogue and rapid plot mechanics, but an undervalued director – a masterful composer of actors, actresses and the unabashed joy in making people laugh.

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In many ways, Sturges’ fundamental formula consisted of riotously breaking down the barriers of taboo middle-class values – pre-marital sex, infidelity, divorce – so much so that it’s still a wonder how films like “The Palm Beach Story” (1942) and “The Miracle at Morgan’s Creek” (1944) ever saw the light of the day.

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Clearly he was a man who understood the various hypocrisies of life – prodding and stabbing at everything from marriage to the movie industry. Yet this base understanding and recognition of the inanity of it all didn’t register cynically or apocalyptically in the eyes of Mr. Sturges – who optimistically punctuates all of his films with an ironic twist of fate – suggesting integrity and moral righteousness at the end of life’s absurd, illogical and yes, laughable dishonesty. 

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Over the course of the next week or so (hopefully just a week), I’ll be discussing at length the various films of Preston Sturges, from “The Great McGinty” (1940) to “Unfaithfully Yours” (1948) and damn-near everything in-between that I could get my hands on.

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Once again, as with all of these things, I’m not only looking at each film individually, but how it fits into Mr. Sturges filmography on the whole. So without further ado, the fun – as Sturges would have it – begins on Sunday.

Preston Sturges Retrospective Coming

I've been watching and re-watching a lot of Preston Sturges over the past few weeks and its time that I get another marathon going, so in the spirit of my WWII Marathon, Frank Capra and Tim Burton Retrospective, over the next week or so, I'm going to be rolling out the Preston Sturges Retrospective. I'm very excited to talk about these films, and I can assure you that there will be a surprise or two in the bunch.
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The highly tentative schedule:
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Special Introduction (Saturday, February 19th)
"The Great McGinty", 1940 (Sunday, February 20th)
"Christmas in July", 1940 (Monday, February 21st)
"The Lady Eve", 1941 (Tuesday, February 22nd)
"Sullivan's Travels", 1942 (Wednesday, February 23rd)
"The Palm Beach Story", 1942 (Thursday, February 24th)
"The Miracle of Morgan's Creek", 1944 (Friday, February 25th)
"Hail the Conquering Hero", 1944 (Saturday, February 26th)
"Unfaithfully Yours", 1948 (Sunday, February 27th)